Showing posts with label medicine. Show all posts
Showing posts with label medicine. Show all posts

Thursday, April 7, 2022

Blood Thinners, Anyone?

Pulmonary Emboli
I couldn't let today go by without acknowledging an important one year anniversary.  Woohoo! Let's celebrate!  On this day, one year ago, I learned that I was the proud owner of "a shower of pulmonary emboli." They're gone now (at least, I think they are... once you do treatment, you don't actually test again unless you have symptoms!)  Thanks to six months of miracle drug Eliquis - a blood thinner that meant I bruised if I came even close to bumping into furniture - my lungs are back to functioning.  So now that the scare of having blood clots in my lungs is gone - and since this 2022 paper indicates that having COVID-19 can increase your risk of having a blood clot (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism), I figured I would share my story in case anyone notices anything related.  Here it is.

Before my parents got sick from COVID, my mom was pretty sick for all of 2020.  She was having regular blood transfusions and her physicians couldn't figure out why her iron levels kept dropping so low.  There were many months of hospital visits during which she had to go alone because of COVID.  She really hated that.  Anyways, feeling very helpless for my mom's medical condition, I started to donate blood.  As a non red meat eater, I had tried donating in the past, but had always been rejected from my own anemia. I knew I couldn't possibly provide as much as she needed - plus we weren't even the same blood type and lived 3,000 miles apart.  I know she appreciated it because we texted back and forth at our appointments and she shared what she was going through. Maybe someone else's mom got my blood in Seattle and their daughter was donating in Florida. 

Click to Donate Near You!
Anyways, I went to donate blood in early April 2021. As usual, first they checked my pulse and heart rate, and my pulse quality was OK, but my heart rate was 120. (Normal resting heart rate should be between 60-80 bpm so all these readings are high.  Maximum heart rate can be estimated by 220-age, so the maximum my heart rate should technically get is 184).They decided to check my iron and if that was good, they would give me 10 minutes to get rid of the "white coat syndrome" - which I guess sometimes even health care providers have, where your heart rate or blood pressure goes up because you're anxious at the doctor's office - but which I've never experienced before.  My iron was way too low to donate, so the nice lady at the donation center told me I should make an appointment to see my PCP.  I thought - no way! This hadn't happened since I started donating blood the year before, but my iron was often too low when I tried to donate in high school and college. I figured I didn't eat enough dark chocolate or spinach that week.  After all, the timing of this blood donation was in my third week back to work after being on FMLA and my grief felt like heavy fatigue for weeks.  I just went home, rode my bike for 20 minutes, and made a turkey burger for dinner. 

A few days later, I was walking up a flight of stairs with a coworker when he asked me if I was ok.  We had walked into work together many times before, always taking the stairs, so for him to notice my breathing was surprising to me.  I thought maybe I was breathing differently with the mask I was wearing that day, but I didn't feel bad otherwise. Thinking about the failed blood donation, I grabbed the clinic pulse oximeter and my heart rate was again in the 120's.  I felt fine, so I continued the day, treating my patients, not really noticing anything.  The next morning I showered, got dressed, and was tying my shoes and with the bending over motion, felt instantly short of breath.  I checked my heart rate by hand, but didn't believe my own count so of course I dug out my own pulse oximeter and my heart rate was in the 130's. Having a quick moment of panic, I recalled my dad having a heart attack when I was eight - he was 48 - and thought - maybe I should get this situation checked out.  So I hopped onto my PCP's patient portal and made an appointment for later that afternoon and went to work, figuring it was too late to cancel my morning patients and if I wasn't moving, I felt ok. 

At work I took the stairs again, but this time, when I got to the top, I had to sit down, unmask, and catch my breath. I was sweating and had a little bit of pain between my shoulder blades. Something definitely wasn't right. I told my boss right away that I needed to cancel my afternoon patients to see my doctor and explained what was happening.  It only took demonstrating one repetition of a 15 pound goblet squat to a patient for me to know it was getting worse.  I finished my patients, sat down to write my notes, rechecked my heart rate at my desk - now 154 - and felt the veins in my neck pulsing.

As previously mentioned in other blog posts, I have a BFF who is an emergency medicine physician. Everyone should have doctor pals they can call in an emergency... but this still didn't feel like an emergency.  Still, I called her as I was driving to my doctor's office and she advised me to cancel my appointment and tell them I'm going straight to the Emergency Department.  Then, instead of going directly to the hospital, I should go home, get my cell phone charger, a hoodie, maybe some pajamas,  my toothbrush, and a book, and then go to the hospital.  (If you EVER need to go to the emergency room and have enough time to make these sort of decisions, bring your cell phone charger!).  She also wouldn't hang up the phone until I got there.

The walk from the parking lot into the emergency room left me drenched in sweat.  The lady at the

waiting on CT Scan

check in desk asked me the COVID screening questions, none of which applied, but since I was sweating, she didn't believe that I might not have just had a fever breaking.  So she asked a nurse to come take my vitals right away, heart rate still in the 150's, but since my temperature was normal, I could sit and wait in the lobby.  It was a long wait.  Honestly, without moving, I could still feel my heart racing and some aching between my shoulder blades, but otherwise I didn't feel that bad.  When they took me in for my exam, the physician asked me what I thought was happening and I told her I thought I had a pulmonary embolus but that it was weird because I didn't really have any chest pain.  S

The next moment could have gone so differently, but instead of just shrugging off that I'm "just" a physical therapist, she asked me to defend my own diagnosis. I explained that my schooling educated me enough to know that if I saw a patient that described these symptoms, I'd be worried, but that one course in the cardiopulmonary system in grad school and another in college made me far from an expert.  I explained that I had flown across the country five times over a three week span just a few weeks prior without any hydration and immediately following my vaccinations and under intense stress.  (At no time did anyone, including myself, think that my vaccination caused these blood clots.  However - I did get sick from the vaccines, likely because I was not willing to unmask to drink any water or eat anything on my flights immediately following them. Plus grief.)  She asked if I took birth control, because "the chance of clots is 2 to 6 times greater among women taking the pill compared to those who don't use birth control" and when I said yes, for nearly 20 years, she felt confident that blood clots were the appropriate place to start the diagnostic hunt.  Let me tell you - some people get REALLY awkward talking about birth control.  I am not one of those people.  Three different medical providers AND a social worker came to discuss birth control with me.  I'm not sure why it was like that... but I do think we probably should be educating teenagers more about this risk if they're considering mixed hormone oral contraceptives, just so they're educated.  Maybe my doctor told me about this risk when I was 18... for sure I do not remember. 

The doctor applauded me as a healthcare worker listening to their body because I guess that's something we're really bad at doing.  I did wait several days, I guess, but it for sure could have ended much worse.  She felt that my assessment was reasonable, so after a Covid test, which was negative, we proceeded through a chest X-Ray and D-Dimer blood test.  When the blood test came back positive, there was a chest CT Scan and then a diagnosis of "a shower of blood clots" in my lungs. I was on blood thinner medication six hours after leaving my desk and held on observation in the hospital for the night.

At which time I finally called my sister in Connecticut and my brother in Washington, D.C., and told them where I was. Let me tell you - being alone in the hospital because of COVID restrictions limiting guests is horrible.  I didn't want to tell too many people where I was or make a big deal out of it because we had identified the problem and medication had been started.  The doctor told me I would feel better fairly soon, and I was back at work five days later with a 20 pound lifting restriction.  I spent my down time searching for research papers about exercising with pulmonary emboli because my doctor told me that I was OK to be active as long as my heart rate stayed under 150... but it was still 150 at rest, so it started with walking for 10-20 minutes or biking without resistance.  I used the elevator at work for a few weeks.  I didn't lift weights. And slowly, the pain between my shoulder blades started to improve and I was able to go up the stairs without stopping.

This week, I returned to the scene of the crime and I was able to donate blood again!  I have to take iron supplements and they make my tummy hurt, but I've found ways to manage that.  My resting heart rate was 84 when I went - still a little bit high, but considerably improved.  My cardiovascular endurance is still limited, but I can ride the bike for 45 minutes.  More difficult for me is the time it takes to recover.  I can't do cardio on back to back days and my legs sometimes feel like bricks after I ride.  I think it's more deconditioning... but it's slowly improving.  And my personal favorite - I can lift over 150 pounds when I'm deadlifting, working my way up to 200.  I feel like that's going to happen before the end of the WNBA season that's about to start.  Last season started about 2 weeks after I was in the hospital and I remember that I couldn't yell/cheer because forceful exhalation made me light headed to the point I thought I might pass out. I can't wait to test that out again!  Other than wearing compression socks and taking aspirin to fly on airplanes, I feel like I've recovered pretty well.  I don't recommend it for others, though.  It isn't fun. 

Please donate blood if you can.  It's basically a free health screening for you and a life-saving gift for another person.  It takes less than a half hour to do and you can repeat every 2 months. 

Saturday, April 10, 2021

COVID19 is the WORST

I haven't written a blog post since December 2020 and had dramatically reduced my writing during the pandemic because I didn't think anything I had to say was nearly as important as what was happening in the world.  My last blog post came shortly after my dear Uncle Pete passed away and COVID was surging as people traveled for the holidays, celebrating Thanksgiving and Christmas without taking proper precautions.  

Glacier National Park July 2020
In late December, I started writing this post and I've kept a few parts because it's how I felt at that time. I really wanted to say that 2020 was the worst year ever but some great things also happened.  Babies were born, people got engaged and married, we bought condos and houses, passports were tucked away and exploring the beautiful national parks of the United States increased, there was time to complete home improvement projects that would otherwise remain on To Do lists, The Seattle Storm won the 2020 WNBA Championship in an isolated bubble, and the demon in the White House was evicted.   Instead, I'll say that COVID19 is the absolute worst.  The SARS-CoV-2 virus has destroyed millions of lives around the world, imploded economies and closed small businesses forever, had permanent impacts on relationships, and exposed real systemic weaknesses in the United States and in the world.  And it took both of my parents. 

I've missed blogging. I like organizing my thoughts this way.  Many of my past blog posts have tried to make connections between two things which may seem unrelated.  I like to draw these connections.  With this post I'm seeking ways to heal my broken heart and hoping that someone might learn something from my family's experience.  Perhaps I've gotten some of the facts wrong... the stress level was unbearable and I'm forgetting details.  It isn't intentional.  At the time of this writing, over 560,000 people have died in the US and 2.92 Million people worldwide from the Coronavirus.  (That makes the US about 20% of the deaths from the virus worldwide).  I'm sure others have similar stories of loss and sadness from the virus or from losing loved ones during the pandemic where they wouldn't be together.  My heart goes out to every single person who has lost someone they loved during the pandemic. I think it always must be hard to lose someone, but the inability to say a real goodbye or be surrounded by loved ones while mourning seems to hurt just a little bit more.  Here's how I remember what happened to my parents.

In December 2020, nine months into wearing masks, physical distancing, a lot of isolation, restricted travel, and not eating out, my Mom and Dad were hospitalized in Florida. Dad was admitted on 12/18/2020 and my mom followed the day after, 12/19/2020, which happened to be my dad's 76th birthday.  They both tested positive for COVID19, and they both had pre-existing conditions that put them at higher risk for getting sick and having a negative outcome.  They knew they were at high risk.  In fact, my Mom had been sick for almost the entire year of 2020.  They promised us they were being extremely careful.  They would drive over to friend's houses and stay in their car and talk to their friends over the phone just to see friends but not get close to them. They have such great friends who have been so supportive to us through this tragedy.

Most people asked right away "How did they get it?"  Honestly, we'll never know.  Dad worked at Home Depot, coming as close as he possibly could to his childhood dream of owning a hardware store.  He was "The Paint Man" and he promised he wore a mask during all of his shifts, washed his hands, and would even come home, remove his clothes next to the laundry machine and go straight to the shower so he wouldn't go near my mom until he was clean. There was a whole bin of Clorox wipes, gloves, disposable masks, and hand sanitizer right next to the door when we arrived at their home to pack it up... and cough medicine and tissues on the counter. They seemed well prepared. (They also had a TON of toilet paper.)  Perhaps Dad missed a hand wash.  Or maybe he ate a snack near someone asymptomatic but sick in the break room.  Or maybe his mask slipped down under his nose while his hands were covered in paint and he couldn't fix it.  He was admitted to the hospital first, but for sure they were both sick for several days at home.  I ordered a pulse oximeter while we were Skyping when I heard them both coughing maybe three days before they were admitted thinking there was really nothing more I could do to help them.  It was waiting when my siblings and I arrived to clean the place out.  I had been too late.

Thanksgiving 2019

Mom could have contracted the virus, too.  As I mentioned earlier, 2020 was a medically complex year for her, in and out of medical facilities and the hospital, so being around lots of sick people while also being vulnerable could have gotten her sick. They always shared things, so whoever got it was thoughtful enough to give it to the other one.  My heart kept telling me to get on a plane to help them, but I couldn't get over the fear of seeing all my own patients and their families at work and then getting on airplanes to travel more than 3000 miles to see my parents, knowing I could get them sick myself.  So I never went.  The last time I hugged them was Thanksgiving 2019. 

Initially when they were admitted to the hospital, my brother, sister, and I were able to video chat with each of them for a few days. Piece of advice: if you EVER go to the hospital and have the ability to bring your phone charger along, do it. Dad was on a COVID floor and put on oxygen right away and told me he felt crummy.  He said he was bummed they didn't give him chocolate pudding on his birthday - he got applesauce instead - so his sense of humor was intact.  Mom was admitted directly to the ICU because her blood counts were so low, but that was her baseline all last year, so she didn't really seem that different from her usual self.  (Side note: It's mindboggling that our healthcare system doesn't share information so that their medical records were not readily available. Why do I have to tell an ICU nurse my mom's list of diagnoses when she's in the hospital and her doctor's office is a few miles down the street?! I wonder how many people have died just because the US Healthcare System is so messed up. I digress.) 

Thankful for Video Chats
Mom had a blue ice pop and stuck her tongue out on a video call while my niece and nephew were around, never wanting anyone to worry.  She wasn't willing to allow people to "see" her without her hair done or her makeup on - saying she only wanted to video chat with us and my cousin Brad.  He was always her favorite and I'm so glad he was able to keep her company, too. We rotated who called them around our work schedules to occupy time and help us through and also called many times all together.  We spoke to every nurse who came into contact with them, asking how they were doing, getting updates every few hours or asking them to help us get in touch with Mom because she couldn't figure out how to use her phone, and then they would walk us down the hall with her phone so we could say hi to Dad. I spoke with the physical therapist who had seen both of them, and she advised me not to plan to take my mom home directly from the hospital and to let her go to rehab because she was so deconditioned. 

Soon we learned that Dad also had pneumonia and difficulty breathing. Mom was moved into Dad's room, having been deemed medically stable and no longer needing the ICU.  We were so glad they were together, but that was short-lived (unlike their 53 year marriage).  He turned a corner that night and took her place in the ICU needing a BiPAP to help him breathe and getting agitated if the oxygen wasn't at full flow.  On a BiPaP, you can't really talk - though you can move your mouth.  For a few days he was able to see us and respond to us and tried saying some words, including mouthing that he loved us, which will forever be his last words in my mind.  And then he got worse and we had to make really hard decisions. 

Here's where I hope we can be helpful to someone else.  Piece of advice: If your parents have comorbidities or are over 65 years old, sit down with them while they're healthy, while they're not in a medical crisis, while everyone is calm, and ask them about how they want things to go in the end. It is a HARD conversation, but it makes a huge difference when a stressful moment comes.  Tell them the importance of having a living will and sharing with you what their wishes are and where they're keeping the paperwork. Get copies if you can.  A living will (or advance directive) is a paper that indicates your wishes for medical care and should go with them if they ever need to go to the hospital so the hospital knows their wishes, too.  Let them handle the hard decisions for you and have it decided in advance.  Fortunately, we had sorta done that with our own parents, though they didn't bring the paperwork to the hospital and there was confusion in the heat of the moment, but still... we weren't completely in the dark.  Mom's oxygen stayed mostly normal throughout her whole hospital stay, but she had starting getting really confused right when things were happening to Dad, which I think was a blessing, but which also left it up to the three of us to decide what to do. 

Backing up for a moment, in 2018, I read Atul Gawande's book, "Being Mortal: Illness, Medicine and What Matters in the End." The basic premise is that Dr Gawande, the author, is a physician whose father is nearing the end-of-life.  He realizes that not only does he not have enough of the answers for his own family, but that he also does not guide his own patients down some paths that could ultimately help them. This was the first time I seriously considered that when someone is very sick, they may not want every single medical approach used to try to keep them alive. Some medical approaches can keep you in a coma for a long time and, while that’s your choice to use those options, it’s possible you’d prefer to allow life to end more quickly as the likelihood of recovery from those extreme medical treatments may be less successful with more comorbidities or older age.  This was exactly the scenario we faced with Dad, first, and then Mom two weeks later.  Both were presented with options.  One option would have kept them alive, but almost definitely would not lead to them ever going home and returning to their prior existence.  We really only considered these options while waiting to find out if the facilities they were in would let us come and say goodbye to them, but when we were told that would not be an option, we didn't want them to suffer.  This quote from the book stood out to me: “We’ve been wrong about what our job is in medicine. We think our job is to ensure health and survival but really it is larger than that. It is to enable well-being. And well-being is about the reasons one wishes to be alive. Those reasons matter- not just at the end of life- but all along the way.”  

The book lists questions that should be asked nearing end-of life such as "what are your fears?" and "what are your hopes?" and "what is your understanding of the situation and its potential outcomes." It also talks about weighing short term versus long term options, considering risks versus benefits, and gives praise to hospice and palliative care, which are not the same, and which are often misunderstood.  It was the beginning of my learning about end-of-life care and it led to a family meeting with my parents, sister, and brother, where we talked about some really key things, including their living will.  We also talked about their legal will and found that it was long overdue for being updated. (It still had my sister as my legal guardian if something happened to my parents.  I was 33 at the time!).  We discussed where they kept their finances, but they elected not to share their financial circumstances with us.  We should have asked them to add one of us as a beneficiary to the accounts in addition to them, but the likelihood of both of them dying two weeks apart like they did was really tiny so who could have known?!  We knew their life insurance policy company and numbers and knew where they kept their passwords for online information.  These are all things that we did right that I think other people need to discuss and made things easier for our family.  I had a manila envelope with a copy of their will and living will, a copy of their life insurance policy, their social security numbers, and a list of contacts they thought were important for us to reach out to if something happened to them such as their lawyer and accountant.

Anyways, I'm pretty sure it was Christmas Day when Dad tried to ask the nurses for something and they gave him a notepad to figure out what he was trying to say. He wrote "milkshake." He wasn't allowed to eat or drink on the BiPap, so they couldn't give him one and I'm shocked he was able to manage legible handwriting since it always looked like squigglies to me. My Dad ALWAYS loved Chocolate Milkshakes from McDonalds so when the nurse asked if that had any meaning to us, we all had to laugh.  I'm sure he probably thought life wasn't worth living if he couldn't have his favorite treat. 

Another piece of advice: find yourself a best friend who is an Emergency Medicine Physician and loves your parents as much as you do so that when you ask her for help with complex medical decisions, you know it's the best recommendation possible for your family.  This piece of advice will be nearly impossible for most people to achieve because you can't have my best friend and she's the world's greatest human, so maybe just find some medical friends you trust for advice when it's needed and know that making these decisions is really hard so having people to discuss them with is really helpful.  My sister also has a best friend who is a nurse who gave us helpful advice throughout this experience and is part of our family, too.  Having healthcare provider friends is just the best and really helps with big medical decisions. 

We said goodbye to our Dad, all three of us together, on a video chat arranged by a very kind nurse, about an hour before he passed away on 12/26/20.  The nurses were so helpful to us having already missed their Christmas time with their families to be with ours, and certainly having witnessed countless other people die in the preceding months. She asked us for a list of important names for her to tell him who was with him before they took him off the BiPap.  My Mom was somewhere in the same building, unable to be there with him, and not knowing what was happening.  I like to think he knew that we were with him and that it was OK for him to leave us behind.  (To be clear, I'm not OK with living life without him, but he didn't need to know that.)

So now, my mom is in the hospital in Florida, testing negative for COVID but still disoriented and confused, my sister is in Connecticut, my brother is in Washington DC, and I'm in Seattle. We need to get my Dad transported from Florida to Connecticut for his funeral.  And we can't have family or friends there - just immediate family up to 12 people.  And... we have to tell my mom what has happened.  Because she doesn't know.  And when we tell her, at first she doesn't understand, and then she doesn't remember.  And so, we have to tell my mom, via video chat, three days in a row, that our Dad - her beloved husband and best friend for over 50 years, has passed away.  Talk about watching someone's heart break.  Repeatedly.  Her heart was actually screaming, I think. The sounds that come from such intense heart break are unique and hard to describe. Even a few days later, on one of our calls just between the two of us, she asked me about Dad again to make sure it was true, begging me to tell her that he had not suffered, almost like she heard it in a dream and couldn't bring it to reality.  And then her nurses tell us they want to discharge Mom to rehab for her to get stronger and eventually go home, but of course she doesn't want to go home if he won't be there. I cannot even begin to express how much agony those moments held and how I keep replaying them over and over in my head.  My heart broke for her so many times and none of us could be with her - or even with each other.  The medical facilities all kept saying we wouldn't be able to come in and be with her - and for us to even try to fly there only to be turned away seemed like even more risk of getting sick or transmitting the stupid virus.  

I haven't gone into much detail about what the day-to-day looked like while they were in the hospital.  Honestly it was a bit of a blur.  I was talking to nurses or doctors between 4AM and 5AM PST (Seattle) because they did shift changes at 7AM EST (Florida) and then I would see my own patients.  Sleep cycles were disrupted, the stress of everything made eating habits and exercise routines fall apart.  My brother, sister, and I were in constant contact with one another and I would sit in my car during my lunch hour trying to video chat with my Mom as much as I could, and, early on, hoping to get some time to chat with Dad.  We quickly figured out the best times to call nurses and how to set it up so we could actually see Mom and Dad through various video chatting options.  Since we don't all have iPhones, we figured out that we had to do our video chats through Facebook or WhatsApp and knowing our options was important, otherwise we had to leave someone out and it was hard to take in all the information and then repeat it again later on. 

So Mom went to rehab.  She started to get better, but she was really, really sad.  So were we. She always had told us that she couldn't live without Dad and we all worried for her because we knew she couldn't stay in Florida alone.  My sister was looking for a place for her to live in Connecticut, calling around to all the local facilities, because Mom was pretty sure she didn't want to stay with any of us even though she didn't want to be alone.  My brother was on-deck, waiting to head to Florida to pack up all their stuff for a move.  I applied for FMLA to take time off when she was cleared to go home after my second vaccine shot and told her she better rest up because Abby's Boot Camp was going to be hard work.  (It's probably not a good idea for physical therapists to treat their family members, but I think that's because we would work them harder than our patients!) Everyone fell into roles and pulled their weight to get things going while we were also preparing for Dad's funeral which was going to be on 12/31/20.  I think it brought Mom a lot of happiness to see us all together in Connecticut.  I had flown home and wouldn't take off my mask the whole time I was with my family because so many people in the airports and on the plane weren't wearing masks and having watched my Dad die from COVID, I was horrified of getting the virus and spreading it. The day before his funeral, I Facetimed Mom and explained that we were going to have his funeral the next day and who we had invited. I asked if she wanted to attend virtually but I hated that none of us could be with her for it and thought it was reasonable if she didn't want to go through that alone. She chose to watch, so the next day, I Facetimed her from the cemetery so she could attend my Dad's funeral.  Was this the worst it was going to get?  Because it was horrible.  I had headphones in so she could talk to me and I could be with her, but the only thing she asked was to see her grandkids and my sister and brother for a minute to look away while my Dad was lowered into the ground.  That night as the rest of the world rang in the New Year, eager for 2021 to start, I sat alone in my hotel room on Facetime with my Mom, crying, talking about things we would try to do as soon as we broke her out of rehab.

Mom wanted out of rehab SO badly and we all wanted to bust her out, too.  She asked me what I thought she needed to be able to do in order to go home and, the true Physical Therapist I am, I told her she needed to be able to walk to the bathroom without help.  The minute she walked to the bathroom with a walker and only a little help, she called and told me I had better get ready to go to Florida.  But that night she started having pain.  All year long when she had been sick, she had been having some pain on and off, but she said this was a lot worse.  Talk about feeling helpless - what could I do?  I stayed on the phone while she waited for nurses to come in and try to get her pain medicine.  She was moaning and crying out.  I had to hang up to go to the bathroom and in the time I was gone, she left me a voicemail saying she wasn't going to make it through the pain she was having.  In the morning, she was taken to the hospital.  She tested positive for COVID19 again and was found to have other health complications.  It was time for difficult conversations, yet again. The doctors asked for our opinion on treatment versus hospice, but we knew her chances of survival even with surgery were not good and when we asked Mom, she very clearly told each of us that she loved us and that she was going to go be with Dad. I couldn't believe my ears.  Now my heart was doing the screaming. And so she was transferred to Hospice and we said goodbye and she passed away two weeks after Dad, on 1/9/21. A few days later, I flew back from Seattle to Connecticut, stood at the same cemetery, and watched my Mom join my Dad, feeling like I should have been Facetiming her like I had two weeks earlier. 

RIP Mom and Dad <3
I'm sure there's more that I could share that would probably help others in the future, but my heart has broken too many times writing this much.  I think you have to cry some serious tears to move through grief, and I've been doing my fair share. I hate crying in front of other people, but unfortunately I can't seem to avoid it these days. The aftermath of losing both of them so close together has been incredibly long and challenging and still continues.  It feels quite like an open wound that keeps re-opening every day or two as more paperwork or phone calls or bills are managed.  I've never been so grateful to have siblings and my niece and nephew.  We all had our breakdown moments and different struggles through the past three months.  We have different support systems, different jobs, and different home responsibilities.  At the end of the day, we've been there for each other, and that has made all the difference.  I can't wait for the pandemic to end so we can all be together and appropriately honor my parents.  The rest of my extended family and so many of their friends need their opportunity to mourn, too, and that has been neglected during the pandemic.  I hope that someone finds a way to put our pain to good use, and I can't wait for the pandemic to be under control.  Please get vaccinated when you have the opportunity and continue to wear masks and stay distanced.  It's not time to party yet.  Don't let your family members suffer the way mine have.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Lions and Tigers and Peanuts, Oh My!

I just spent two weeks volunteering in Tanzania, Africa through a company called EDU Africa.  For sure there will be other posts describing the work we did and the impact being in Africa had on me, but I'm just starting to process those thoughts at this point.  Intertwined with our volunteer work were various cultural immersion experiences - learning some traditional African dance, tasting African cuisine, a canoeing trip where we were able to see many of the birds native to East Africa, and we finished our visit with a two-day safari. Who would have thought that after two days on safari where an elephant crossed the street right in front of our tour vehicle and we saw several prides of lions close enough to take my breath away - that a peanut would be the most deadly thing we would encounter on this trip... but alas, it was! This post is about one of my fellow volunteers experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to peanuts on our last night in Tanzania, some stats about anaphylaxis, and what to do if you find yourself in this situation.

Rice, Stew, and Ugali.  Photo: KConn
Prior to our arrival in Africa, the EDU Africa staff gathered each volunteer's dietary concerns.  The company organized almost all of our breakfasts and dinners at our hotel as well as providing us boxed lunches at our volunteer sites each day - interesting meals such as spicy carrot sandwiches and tomato paste coated french fries or cooked meat/vegetable dishes flavored with curry eaten using ugali - a traditional African corn-based dish that reminded me of polenta but that you roll up into a ball and depress a divot into it and basically make yourself a tostito scoop to gather up the stew.  We also had the opportunity to order off menus at a few restaurants which was a constant adventure... I tried to get mozzarella sticks at a restaurant called Bravo Pizza but the mozzarella sticks were basically limp string cheese rolled in dough that was floppy...more like the consistency of soggy fish sticks and were mostly good for a few laughs.  Because there is a high risk of water contamination with parasites, we were strongly advised to avoid consumption of fresh fruit (unless you can peel it like a banana) or any fresh vegetables (because of them being washed in the unsafe water), so there were a lot of carb-heavy meals and cooked vegetables and potatoes and eggs.

With regard to food restrictions, our group of 7 people had several.  For me, I have a strawberry allergy that, to my knowledge, is not very severe - though after this experience, I can guarantee I'll be getting that re-checked.  I also don't eat red meat - but had told them I didn't eat beef, so when pork chops were offered to me, I requested a vegetarian meal along with a fellow volunteer who is a true vegetarian. We had a member with a gluten allergy - try explaining that in Kiswahili - the official language of Tanzania - repeatedly - when they don't know what gluten is.  They use a lot of corn and rice, but to be certain that wheat wasn't in any of the foods was impossible.  And lastly, we traveled with a young woman with a severe nut allergy - who despite her constant efforts and a group of people looking out for her - managed to consume nuts on our last night as they were in a chicken dish with curry that had no evidence of hidden poison.  She had identified her allergy to the hotel, but whether a language barrier was the problem or the serving staff being unaware of what was in the food - it didn't matter. So... we had just finished our second day of African safari and are in the middle of Tanzania in a town I don't know the name of, when we were faced with a potentially awful situation.

Fortunately, there were seven of us PT students and PTs and, after seeing us run out of the dining hall to get closer to her EpiPen and medications, an Australian resident physician joined us and provided her recommendations, which ultimately led to our new friend of two weeks spending the night in a Tanzanian emergency room getting doped up on corticosteroids.  

I'll start with what you should do if you already know you have an allergy to which you have an anaphylactic reaction and you come into contact with the allergen.  In this case, you should have a prescribed EpiPen, which contains epinephrine, also known as adrenaline.  Epinephrine is a medicine that increases your heart rate, helps improve breathing, reduces swelling and hives, and can increase a dropping blood pressure.  Our friend knew she had the allergy but had never had to use an EpiPen because her previous exposure was her first and resulted in a trip to the emergency room home in the USA, ultimately resulting in her carrying an EpiPen and avoiding nuts at all costs.  She hadn't used an EpiPen yet, and there is always risk of having a negative reaction to an EpiPen, in addition to the reaction  you're already having to your allergen.

Our travel buddy had four EpiPens on the trip with her, but only one available while we were on safari, the others packed away in the city with the rest of our luggage.  After she started noticing symptoms, she immediately went to her room and decided to try antihistamines first, wanting to avoid use of the EpiPen.  Truthfully, it delayed the inevitable, though at that time we didn't have our driver on-site yet so it was a good thing that she delayed using it.  About 30 minutes after ingesting the nuts, her symptoms started to get worse.  She threw up her dinner, started breaking out in hives, began to cough and having some difficulty breathing.  Wanna know what happens when you start having trouble breathing?  You panic.  The major problems with anaphylaxis are that it can elicit constriction of your throat, which can be a medical emergency, as well as dropping your blood pressure, which can make you pass out.  Fortunately, our group acted quickly and had initiated the emergency chain to get our driver back to our hotel to be ready to take her to the hospital once things progressed - which they ultimately did - and the hotel manager contacted the nearest hospital to alert them of our situation.  When the Australian medical resident checked her out, and a transport was ready, she was ultimately given the EpiPen and taken to the hospital.  It was a scary situation for about two hours while the rest of the group remained at the hotel waiting for updates on her status, but the end result was a sore arm from weird techniques of placing an IV with a big bolus of corticosteroid making her sore.   Our terrible situation worked out in the best possible way.  Our friend is fine, and now knows what it's like to have to use her EpiPen.

But what if you don't know you have such a severe allergy?  If you find yourself in a situation where you think you have eaten something that could be causing anaphylaxis, the first thing - and also the most difficult - is to try to remain calm.  Panic and increased heart rate don't help if you're experiencing restrictions with your breathing.  Find someone to help you, so you're not alone, and start the emergency chain ASAP.  Either call 911 for an ambulance or get to the hospital quickly.  Anaphylaxis generally does not stop on its own, though it may seem to take a pause and then later return, which can be misleading and cause more trouble if you decide to delay getting medical attention.

According to this website from the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology,
(AAAI) anaphylaxis can be fatal, particularly if there is a decrease in blood pressure, difficulty breathing, or loss of consciousness.  Our friend definitely had difficulty breathing and was coughing by the time she left the hotel to go to the hospital.  We kept an eye on her pulse - but did not have means to check her blood pressure.  The most common causes of anaphylaxis are foods (all different types of nuts, fish, milk, eggs, and preservatives), medications (particularly antibiotics and anti-seizure medications), and insect stings.  In some cases, exercise can induce anaphylaxis, and there is a correlation between those who experience anaphylaxis and those who have asthma, as both tend to present with similar respiratory complications.  The AAAI site advises that if you have a reaction, you should always go to the hospital - even if you feel improvement in symptoms with your EpiPen or another medication.  EpiPen treatment is for emergency response in order to get you to the hospital for appropriate care.  They tend to last around a half an hour, though they may only last ten minutes, so people often carry more than one, particularly if they'll be far away from medical care, so that they can re-administer if symptoms worsen as it weans off.  EpiPen should be administered to the soft outer portion of the thigh and can be done through clothing.  It should be held in place for about 3 seconds and has an indicator on it that changes color to let you know that the medicine is being administered into the body.  Once an EpiPen is used, it cannot be re-used.

And so, the scariest part of my African adventure was a peanut.  Though there are no tigers in Africa, which this article explains, so if I had seen one on this trip, it probably would have scared me quite a bit, too.


Monday, July 29, 2019

Vaccination for Africa!

In just a few days, I’m departing on an adventure, heading to Africa!   I’m headed specifically to Nairobi, Kenya for a day followed by two weeks in Arusha, Tanzania ending with a Safari!!!!  Thanks to my coworker pal Kristen who writes this blog (even more specifically, has several posts from her previous trips to Africa, here)... and we’re joining one of her PT School professors and 7 students from Stony Brook University to do some physical therapy-related work. I don’t have the details of what we’ll be doing yet- so stay tuned for the post-Africa blog posts for that... but the preparations for the trip have been very interesting and I thought I’d write about the medical preparations for the journey - along with some thoughts on vaccination.

From: http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/epidemics/MAL_geography.htm
Let's talk about medications.  Thanks to Virginia Mason’s Infectious Disease Department- not only was I able to receive the shots and prescriptions I needed, but they also explained many of the possible risks and made recommendations for me. They collected my dates and destinations of travel in advance, prepared a stack of pamphlets for me, and had the shots and prescriptions I needed ready to go.  I now have a whole pharmacy packed based on things that my body might encounter that it doesn't generally experience at home. Specifically- Tanzania is in the malaria belt and Kenya has an escalated risk for contracting yellow fever. And so- I have malaria medications and I had a yellow fever vaccine this week. The provider who organized all my medical care for these travels, Lisa Roberts PA-C was very thorough and presented the options for all the medications - such as discussing my choices for malaria medicines because some of them can be hallucinogenic.

Some interesting facts about these diseases:
Malaria:
1) Link: There are five types of malaria parasites called plasmodium.  One type, Plasmodium Falciparum, can be life threatening and induce liver failure, kidney failure, and coma.  This is generally the type that you take preventive mediation for when traveling.
2) Link: Malaria is transmitted by mosquitos, so using bug repellent containing DEET, long sleeves and pants, and taking preventive medications are all useful preparations. The particular type of mosquito, the Anopheles Mosquito, cannot survive in climates cooler than 68*F, so since central Africa is so warm, this is a common region for the disease.  As global warming continues, the malaria belt is expanding.  Even though the United States has successfully managed to reduce malaria cases, we do house these mosquitos, so there is always the risk that malaria can become a bigger problem here at home.
3) Link: There is a malaria vaccine, but it has a low efficacy and requires four injections... so I'm not immunized, I'm taking preventive medications. The reason for this is that the DNA of that plasmodium reproduces so fast, it can build resistance - just like we've seen with antibiotics resulting in things like methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA - the SuperBug) which, by means of evolution do not respond to the usual medications.  I'm so glad I read "The Origin of Species" by Charles Darwin, and wrote about it here.

Yellow Fever:
1) Link: Yellow Fever is also transmitted by mosquitos.  About 15% of those who are infected will have severe symptoms including shock, organ failure, and possible death.
2) Link:  The vaccine against yellow fever is considered to be life-long protection and 99% effective.  and is a live vaccine, which means that scientists took the actual disease, weakened it, and then it gets injected into you to build up immunity to it. There is also a shortage of the vaccine with limited number of places where you can go to get one - so if you're looking to travel, plan ahead!  You need a specific yellow card marked with your immunization in some cases - for example if you spend time in Kenya before going to Tanzania, like we are, you need the shot.

In addition to malaria and yellow fever, we also discussed risks for hepatitis, rabies, measles, mumps, rubella, influenza, and diphtheria, along with multiple symptoms that could require treatment, particularly related to gastro-intestinal distress which I won't go into detail about but which also included some shots and medicines.

What is a vaccine, anyways?  A vaccine is a medicine used to prepare your immune system to fight a disease in case it ever comes into contact with it.  Our body fights off disease by using a system that requires exposure to something to build up a defense system.  The vaccine is the first exposure to a disease, usually a weakened or dead version of it, so the body can recognize invaders and be prepared to fight.  There is considerable controversy around the country with some parents believing that vaccines are dangerous - or they don't believe in inoculation for a variety of reasons.

While I've been going through these preparations and getting additional immunizations beyond the ones I've had for public schooling, college, graduate school, working on an ambulance and now working in a hospital-based system, Seattle Children's and many other places around the country, have been facing increased episodes of cases of measles. Seattle Children's publicized exposures there here and this article describes the over 1,000 cases identified in the US this year, a considerable increase since measles was considered to be eradicated in 2000.  Measles is a highly contagious disease spread through coughing or sneezing or bodily fluids of infected people and does not have a cure.  A contagious person will likely infect 90% of the non-immunized people they come into contact with.  There is a high risk of fatality from measles because of the complications of the condition - immune compromise and opportunistic infections like pneumonia.  The vaccine is only 97% effective, so even those who are immunized aren't perfectly protected, but because of the high risk, it's essential that people vaccinate their children.  I urge everyone to read about the signs and symptoms of measles, particularly if you are in an area where there has been a spike in cases as it looks like there is a current epidemic occurring or if you are a healthcare provider.

Volunteering Emergency Response in Israel in 2006
Several cases of measles in Washington have been linked back to being at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, where I'll be headed to depart for Africa in just a few days.  Interestingly, I also found this article looking at the measles epidemic occurring on the east coast, reporting cases in New York in Orthodox Jews who do not inoculate their children and who had recently traveled from Israel (which has been having an outbreak as well).  This article also discusses the Orthodox Jews having this increase in cases.  Having been to Israel several times and lived there as a volunteer EMT in 2006, knowing that they're so advanced in their medical and technological developments, this shocked me!  Over 500 of the cases in the US are in NY in this population, and Washington is 2nd on the list.  As a Jew myself, I can't understand why the Orthodox aren't taking care of this.  It seems that some believe vaccination is against Jewish law, which is of course an interpretation of something, though I'm not sure what, because vaccines obviously did not exist at the time Jewish law was written. What is for certain part of Jewish law is to do anything that may save a life, and since vaccination can save lives, it seems to me that more Jews would support vaccination.

Even the APTA has a position on this.  Physical therapists are in a prime position to encourage families to get their immunizations as part of their regular health care.  The risks of not doing so many times could include fatality - to your own family member or to someone else.  The benefits far outweigh the risks.