Science of Social Isolation

A few weeks ago, during the insanely stressful period of the United States Presidential election on top of a global pandemic, I wrote this post on Facebook:

Since that time, things have gotten progressively worse.  Last night I got into my car after work and burst into tears in the parking garage.  Instead of driving home, my car (not a self-driving vehicle, but somehow able to drive without my brain functioning) drove to my dear friend's house, still in the beginning of her post-Thanksgiving quarantine, and I melted on her front doorstep.  As my mask collected my tears, I crumpled.  I definitely didn't see it coming, and for certain I'm not ashamed to admit that I had hit a complete and total breakdown.  I'm not sure if sharing this helps others to realize they're not alone right now in whatever deep, dark place they might feel like they're existing in.  Maybe this makes people more sad.  But I've now reached the portion of the pandemic where spontaneous crying is occurring, and I know that I'm not the only one in Struggle City.

Why now?  Maybe it's the new restrictions from the Washington State Government shutting down the gym which was the only place I was really going (besides work, the grocery store, and Home Depot).  Maybe it's the winter in Seattle where the days are gray and cold and the sun rises late and sets early so you feel like you're in a Stephen King novel all the time.  Maybe it's the holiday season without being able to see family or friends, none of the usual festive parties and seeing everyone's trees and menorah's all brightly lit.  Thanksgiving with a close friend was really great - but we didn't shy away from acknowledging that the world is weird and so heavy right now.  Or maybe it's the fact that I attended two virtual weddings and a funeral in the past few weeks, all of which would have been supremely better experiences if I had been there with my family and friends.  The list of possibilities for why this hit me now goes on... but those seem like enough.  I'm sure you can come up with your own.

The reality is that I was not built for social isolation. Early in the pandemic, I felt like going to work was enough social interaction for me to keep on thriving. It isn't anymore. You can sense the weight of the Coronavirus in every corner at work, on every coworker, at every socially distanced lunch break, and with every single patient/family.  As a 100% extrovert, I feel like a battery that has been running on empty for so many months. Drained. Nothing left to give. My usual options for battery recharging are not available... dinner with friends, eating out, traveling to see my family, traveling to escape the Seattle weather and find sunshine, hugs, the gym, occasional visits with my friends' pets, sitting at a bar, sporting events, movies... another list... I'm rambling.  It doesn't energize me to work out at home or go for a walk alone.  Isolation in a different place doesn't change my feeling of being alone.  Skype calls - though they definitely help - are just not the same as dinners and happy hours or brunch.  Remember brunch?!  I don't bother with take-out meals on my own.. seems silly when I can just make something at home and save money. Why take a day off from work to do absolutely nothing? Amazing that bathroom renovation and painting my whole house boosted me up for a while.  If this is making you sad or depressed, I'm truly sorry.  I'm not depressed... I'm just insanely aware of being alone, emotionally exhausted, and feeling like the world is too heavy.  How did Atlas do it? If this is how I feel, I can't imagine how my superiors or those who actually work on the front lines are doing it... cuz I'm not even treating patients suffering from COVID!

So what's a person to do when realizing that social isolation is kicking them in the face?  The options are pretty limited right now.  Today I started looking up research about the science of social isolation.  With patients having chronic pain, we teach them how pain works to try to help alleviate it... maybe learning about social isolation will help me cope?  I used ResearchGate to look at this 1988 paper "Social Relationships and Health" by James S. House. Interestingly, I also came across a monthy by month list of citations for this paper's abstract and, not surprisingly, it has been cited an average of 2,000 times per month in 2020 where it would only have gotten a few hundred citations before the pandemic

Here's what I learned:

1: Prospective studies have found an increased risk of death in people who have low quantity and sometimes low quality social relationships.

2: There has been longstanding curiosity with regard to which comes first: do people who are less integrated into society have bad health or do people with bad health integrate into society less?  Gotta love a good chicken or egg conundrum.

3: The connection between mental health and physical health has not been studied with nearly enough depth or breadth.  Before I started learning about mental health - and giving any thought to my own - I'm not sure I even believed they were so intricately related.  Now, I don't want to go more than a week or two without seeing one of my mental health providers.   

4: My favorite quote: "...what was consequential for health about social relationships was their supportive quality, especially their capacity to buffer or moderate the deleterious effects of stress or other health hazards."  

5: A 1965 study looking at 4775 people between ages 30-65 examined four types of social ties: marriage, contacts with extended friends and family, church membership, other types of group memberships and the impact on mortality.  It was at this point that I realized the articles I had skimmed - and this one - don't fit the problem I'm experiencing.  I have really, really, really wonderful relationships.  About 90% of the time I'm at grossly unaware of fact that I'm not married... sure underneath and when brought to the surface, that's missing, but I don't sit around thinking about it on the regular.  But truly I have so many great family and friendships... and right now I can't be around any of them!  Does their absence have the same meaning?  

So I searched for more papers and read more abstracts.  Because I'm a science nerd and... seriously what else do I have to do?  I'm going to be here sitting on my couch either way - I could do this, read a book, or continue binge watching Friends.  At least this is a little bit different, and I can share it with you.  I scanned abstracts that look at the neurobiology of loneliness, the relationship between social isolation and cardiovascular illness, saw lots of information on social isolation for the elderly population, psych papers looking at depression, and then:

"How the  Covid-19 Pandemic is focusing attention on loneliness and isolation," a June 2020 paper from Australia.  Here's what I learned:

1) Social isolation (absence of social connections) is not the same as loneliness (subjective dissatisfaction with relationships).  I feel loneliness when I find myself single at a wedding... I feel social isolation when I haven't seen my parents in a year and my friends in several weeks as we are responsibly distancing ourselves to prevent COVID spreading.  Both social isolation and loneliness have been shown to predict premature mortality, depression, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline.  (Hello brain fog!)

2) I'll give you a hint at the recommendations for how to improve the negative feelings: exercise and social interaction.  

And so, I'll end with this.  Check out this image and find out where you're at.  If you're in the green and yellow - maybe you have the capacity to check in on your friends to see where they are.  Yesterday I was in the red.  Thankfully, today I'm more yellow/orange and had the ability to check on someone else.  But yesterday I needed someone to check on me.  Know that it's ok to tell someone you need help.  Tell me!  Tell your neighbor.  Tell your family.  Tell someone.  Just saying the words "I really need help right now" made all the difference in letting some of the weight go.  No shame in tears... I know mine will come again.  In the end, we're all going to be ok.  We're all going through this together.  It sucks for everyone.  It sucks for parents who are schooling their kids at home and can't get a moment of quiet alone time - and it sucks for those of us who are alone.  It sucks for healthcare providers, teachers, grocery store workers, real estate agents, business owners, and delivery people.  Honestly, it's pretty hard to find someone who hasn't been impacted by the pandemic at this point... and it took every ounce of strength not to lose my mind on the parents I saw congregating at the playground today, maskless, and too close together, when I dragged myself out of the house to go on a physically distanced and masked up walk.  We all have an obligation to help keep each other safe, now.  We all have an obligation to care for our friends and family.  Let's hope the vaccine is near and that we can go on airplanes again in 2021!  Good thing I'll have some vacation time saved up. 

Book Alert! The Gift of Pain

Hello, blog readers!  I'm realizing now that I never concluded the cross country road trip blog posts several weeks ago.  I must have been so excited to arrive in Connecticut to see my family, it slipped my mind.  Kristen posted about the end of our journey here for anyone who thought we fell off the face of the Earth.  I flew back cradling a container of Clorox Wipes like they were my newborn baby, extensively cleaning my whole seating area, and, because I had no alternative, an entire bathroom of the plane. I'll send you the cleaning bill, Alaska Airlines!  Now I'm back home in Seattle, and I returned to a huge stack of books and audiobook CDs waiting for me at the library pickup as the world is slowly starting to open back up!

On January 6, 2020, before we knew about the COVID-19 Global Pandemic and had masks perpetually glued to our chins, while there was still air in the lungs of Breonna Taylor, I wrote my first blog post of 2020 entitled "I'm a Book Nerd."  I outlined six books I wanted to read this year related to PT and was already underway reading "The Graded Motor Imagery Handbook" - which I highly recommend to PTs, particularly those who work with patients experiencing chronic pain.  On my list were five more books, but with the closure of the library and my decision to buy a condo during a global pandemic limiting me from spending money to buy books, I couldn't get the books I intended to read.  I've been reading A LOT of alternative books since then, and with the re-opening of the library, I finally dove into "The Gift of Pain: Why We Hurt and What We Can Do About It" by Dr. Paul Brand and Philip Yancey, previously titled "The Gift Nobody Wants." 

The introduction was written by Dr. C. Everett Koop who served as the US Surgeon General from 1982-1989.  Dr. Koop starts the book off with a quote that resonated with me - and which I whole-heartedly believe in as a clinician - "When you examine an abdomen, watch the patient's face, not his belly."  I'm not the right person to say if the eyes are truly the window to the soul, but for sure I believe that the eyes are a window of truth with regard to pain.  My patients experiencing pain show their experience with a crinkled brow or looking away, sometimes covering their eyes, and on the rarest of occasions, tears.  

I must not have read a synopsis about the book prior to adding it to my list, because I was surprised to read the first pages of the book... a heartbreaking story about a little girl who genetically could not experience pain. Dr. Paul Brand was a hand surgeon whose career focused on patients with leprosy, a condition characterized by the absence of the pain experience.  Pain, after all, is an experience.  It is interpreted differently by each person and is dependent on unique understandings of- and interactions with- the environment.  And so, a four year old girl who could not experience pain tries to find ways to interact with her environment, ultimately participating in self-mutilation of her fingers and stepping on nails without awareness and continuing to walk on them.  For so many people, we try to find ways to get rid of pain, but as I've learned working in the Seattle Children's Pain Medicine Clinic, the goal often needs to be to better understand pain and learn how to optimally function despite it.  Too many people need to learn how to embrace their pain because rejecting pain allows these negative sensations to dramatically interfere with life.  

The book is a memoir of Dr. Brand's life in parallel to his journey to understand pain.  He begins with his childhood experiences in India, watching his father serve as a Missionary who also provided medical care to the local villagers.  Later he describes his schooling and career, in London during war time, and developing into a hand surgeon ultimately devoting much of his career to patients with leprosy. There are cultural influences of different world regions and comparisons between medical and community practices in India versus the United States, interactions with nature and animals and their use in scientific research, and vivid descriptions of Dr. Brand's unique interactions with pain.  In some ways it reminded me of the book we read in PT School for Cultural Competency called "The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down," which was also an interesting approach at looking at the American Medical Model and how it conflicts with the beliefs and practices of different cultures. 

Free photo 96827 © Chrisharvey - Dreamstime.com

This book was published in the 1990's, but it's describing Dr. Brand's understanding of pain from at least 40 years of patient care.  I was repeatedly surprised at how deeply he understood pain, and the ways he tried to apply his knowledge to various conditions such as the peripheral neuropathy commonly observed in diabetics or HIV/AIDS. The book explores fundamentals about how the brain and nervous system interact, stigmatization of people who look different than "the norm," how Dr. Brand learned to conduct surgeries by operating on cadavers because the procedures didn't yet exist to help his patients, and some incredible medical successes. The stories are simultaneously heart warming and gut-wrenching, the full spectrum of emotions.  I'm six years into my PT career and this book helped me to see how I'm really only beginning to touch the surface of learning about pain and how important the biopsychosocial model of practice truly is.  How different my patient care could have been if I had known sooner! It's no wonder groups like the Level Up Initiative have been pushing for healthcare transformation... healthcare education too frequently misses the mark on the importance of therapeutic alliance and bedside manner. Medicine and the understanding of the human body has advanced considerably since the time Dr. Brand treated patients, however we, the modern day healthcare providers, have so much to learn about these foundational concepts. 

Several stories were memorable, but one that fit closely into physical therapy was when Dr. Brand's patients had successful surgeries on their hands, restoring function previously thought to have been permanently lost, only to come back a few months later with severe wounds on their newly functioning extremities.  Dr. Brand would carefully bandage the patients and they would heal, but then they would have recurring wounds, often in similar patterns.  He took the time to observe their daily activities - noticing that one gentleman was using a hammer that had a splinter in its handle that he could not feel - so the repeated use of the hammer was breaking down his skin.  Another instance found that a man was reading in his bed at night time and would go to turn off his lamp, night after night brushing some of his knuckles against a hot piece of glass on the lamp, and that this was slowly burning his flesh.  In a third instance, one that Dr. Brand felt was most challenging to figure out, some of the patients had rats chewing on their fingers in their sleep, which through the introduction of cats into their housing fixed the problem of their hand wounds.  All of these patients - and the world at large - thought that having the diagnosis of leprosy meant that fingers and toes would spontaneously fall off, that the tissues were somehow bad, and that the disease was highly contagious.  Dr. Brand was able to solve so many problems for his patients to improve their quality of life and provide hope to this patient population.

The book goes into some detail with regard to Dr. Brand's three stages of the pain system - how first a "danger" message must be received from the environment, then this signal is transmitted to the spinal cord and lower portion of the brain to be filtered and assessed - ultimately reaching the higher portion of the brain where a response is decided upon.  Pain occurs when "the entire cycle of signal, message, response has been completed."  He provides examples of how pain can be "stopped" by interrupting the cycle at each stage, and how much the mind and learned experiences can impact the third stage and  recovery from pain.  

I think reading this book will certainly improve my understanding of pain, though some of the newer materials I have read go into some different detail, this is a much simpler read with memorable anecdotes.  I can't recommend it highly enough for newer physical therapists to emphasize a different way of thinking than our classical training likely provided. If you have any interest in science, medical stories, pain, and human compassion - check it out.  Brand includes the definition of Compassion early in the book: latin roots are com + pati meaning "to suffer with."  A compassionate healthcare provider truly does suffer with their patients. We may not feel your physical pain, but our hearts connect to your experience, and we care about you.  To some degree, suffering has an element of choice. I hope to help reduce the suffering of my patients, and I'm so glad this book was recommended to me!

Wide Open Wednesday and Tourist Thursday

Kristen’s hard work blogging continues. Days 4, 5, and 6 are completed. I’m not sure where she finds the energy as I basically collapse into a coma at the end of the day and am minutes from doing so again right now. 

Wednesday’s Day 4 adventures on Kristen’s blog are here. I earned my keep driving about 500 miles through half of Wyoming and most of South Dakota. I didn’t think this drive was as bad as everyone said it would be- though for sure it was much flatter and far less scenic than our previous few days. I enjoyed the sporadic surprises along the way. 

We stopped at Mount Rushmore and the Corn Palace which were both cool.  I love seeing the unique features of basketball arenas and this one was for sure the most unique arena I’ve ever seen. I’m missing the WNBA season pretty fiercely so a moment in my happy place (a basketball arena) was an awesome boost to a day of driving over 700 miles. We had plenty of time to discuss how nobody here really seems to be doing anything differently regarding the Coronavirus- except there’s probably more hand sanitizer available than usual. 

Wednesday we crossed the half way point. We listened to lots of music and some audio books. Both of us took car naps. We passed through Hartford, South Dakota which made me feel a lot closer to home. We didn’t hit the cow that was in the middle of the highway... I yelped a bit when I came upon it and may have awakened Kristen in shock.

(Please note the previously mentioned bug cemetery windshield, too).

Then Tourist Thursday came about where we did a bit less driving with a crash course in Chicago tourism with a visit to Navy Pier, the Cloud Gate aka the bean, and Giordano’s pizza for some deep dish. Unfortunately the Air BnB we had booked in South Bend, Indiana was a hot mess and after maybe 5 minutes walking around it and thinking we might not live to see the East Coast if we stayed, we hit the road and kept driving while finding a hotel room to crash in. I guess I’ll have to save Touchdown Jesus at Notre Dame for another time. I’ve still never seen that campus despite driving through here at least 3 times in my life. Somehow I never ended up there with UConn Women’s Basketball... and this visit tells me that maybe I’m just not meant to see what the Fighting Irish campus has to offer.  Kristen’s more detailed post is here.

Today we completed Indiana and booked it across Ohio and into Central Pennsylvania with the major highlight being a family visit.  Overall we’re making great time, haven’t run out of things to talk about, and are about an hour and a half away from splitting up to our final destinations. See ya tomorrow, CT!

Yellowstone and Grand Teton Tuesday

Day 3 went by so fast!  We didn’t drive very far but we explored two National Parks- Yellowstone and Grand Teton- both really awesome, though we both preferred Grand Teton. This has been my first visit to Wyoming and it was certainly a unique place to visit. 

Here’s the link to Kristen’s Day 3 post for you to check out! And a video clip from each park. 

Montana Monday

Hey again!  As previously discussed yesterday in this post, my friend Kristen and I are driving from Seattle to the East Coast. She’s an adventure blogger so she’s been writing all about our experiences and I’m a day behind her in reposting them. Here’s her post from yesterday.  Yesterday we spent the day in Montana with the highlight being Glacier National Park.

Feel free to follow along our journey... or text us. We’ve got 2000+ miles still to go!

Cross Country Road Trip Day 1!

Happy summer everyone!  Whatever summer looks like during a global healthcare and national humanity pandemic.  I’ve really been struggling to write blog posts the past several weeks because sharing PT knowledge isn’t as important to me as the time I’ve spent reading about the coronavirus and the systemic racism pervading the US. 

And then, I learned the sad news that my coworker pal, Kristen, (Who I went to Africa with and have previously written blog posts about) was leaving Seattle Children’s to join the PT crew at Boston Children’s Hospital. But moving during a global pandemic, which I did during May, is more challenging than usual. She wanted to drive but it’s so far to go alone, and so our plan to road trip across the country was born.  

Road tripping isn’t one of my usual blog posting topics, but Kristen writes about her adventures, so I’m sharing hers as a blog of our trip. Check out her day 1 post from yesterday at this link and make sure to comment on her posts and answer her question of the day! 

To Clam, or Not to Clam

As the battle to annihilate the coronavirus continues, everyone is faced with new realities. For me, those realities include chatting with my teenage patients on the phone, transitioning to Telehealth, and only seeing "high priority" kids while covered head to toe in PPE. The patients are still the most important part (and my favorite), but the volume is dramatically reduced so the majority of my time has been spent learning. I've also been working on the Seattle Children's Sports Physical Therapy Journal Club, summarizing papers to share with the department on a monthly basis.  The May topic, coming out tomorrow, is a collective look at these four gluteal muscle electromyography (EMG) papers:

1. DiStefano LJ et al, “Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises.”  JOSPT 2009.
2. Boren K et al, “Electromyographic analysis of gluteus medius and gluteus maximus during rehabilitation exercises.” IJSPT 2011.
3. Macadam P et al, “An Examination of the gluteal muscle activity associated with dynamic hip abduction and hip external rotation exercise: A systematic review.” IJSPT 2015.
4. Bishop BN et al, “Electromyographic Analysis of Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, and Tensor Fascia Latae during therapeutic exercises with and without elastic resistance.” IJSPT 2018.  

Why this topic? I believe it is imperative for clinicians to be lifelong learners and that reading research is one approach to improve your skills as a clinician.  I also think it's really hard to do this, which is why I stared writing this blog - a place where I could store things I've learned and write out my thought processes.  The impetus behind this particular topic of learning boils down to two key points.

Key point number one: The Clamshell Debate.

If you've ever gone to outpatient orthopedic physical therapy, you've likely done the clamshell exercise.  It's very common and frequently patients will say they've done them in the past.  Thanks to Seattle Storm Sports Performance Coach Emily Blurton for her video demonstration:

Early in my PT career, I frequently recommended this exercise.  I had pre-made exercise programs that I used repeatedly for multiple conditions.  Now I make every program for the patient in front of me, often updating them at every session, and this exercise rarely appears. To me, the clamshell doesn't look like anything a person does in daily life or in sports. Maybe it looks like you're lifting your leg to get into a car.  But that's standing up, so maybe not.  Even worse, a lot of patients do them incorrectly and find them boring and too easy.  I don't create exceptionally difficult exercise programs, but it's a lot easier to convince someone to work on something that's challenging than on something that's simple and mundane.  And most of the time I don't really harp on having proper form - but with this exercise, is there any benefit to doing it wrong?  Biomechanically speaking, an "incorrect" squat will still give you some strength gains, but potentially not where you may want to target them.  I don't think shooting for the moon, missing, and landing amongst the stars is actually meaningful in this scenario. 

The circumstances under which I will recommend the clamshell are very specific: the patient needs to 1) have a restricted weight bearing status from the physician due to a surgery or fracture and is therefore unable to do the exercises I prefer but would still benefit from strengthening or 2) have a significant deficit in their active hip external rotation movement with available passive mobility that I want them to purposefully control. (Translation - they're too weak to do any of the other exercises I like better, but I never actually tell patients they're weak!)

I share many of my patients with coworkers who like this exercise, so we've had conversations about clamshells for years.  The biggest discussion came when I had a student who I practically forbade from assigning clams without excessive clinical reasoning of why they were a good choice for that patient. Now that I have some extra time to dig into the research, I'm looking to prove myself wrong.  Does the evidence oppose my clinical bias? And how do you explore the efficacy of an exercise?  

Point Number Two:  What research should I be reading?  

Levels of Evidence - Creative Commons CC BY-NC 3.0

In case you're not familiar with the Levels of Evidence for scientific materials, here's a very basic overview.  Certain types of research can be "trusted" more than others, particularly when you're trying to generalize data to a larger population than was actually studied.  Here's an example: Let's say that tonight at dinner, you ask your child if they likes peas.  If they say no, can you now conclude that this single case of your own observation applies to all the kids of the same age in the USA?  Of course not. But it is your expert opinion that your own kid does not like peas and you understand how that data applies in your household.  Now what if you took a survey of your kid and your two next-door neighbors houses who happen to have seven more kids, asking all of them if they like peas.  You have more information about kids in your neighborhood and their feelings about peas, but still shouldn't make wide-spread assumptions about the whole country based on your small sample.  This would be closer to a small case study moving up the pyramid. If you surveyed your neighbors and then three other researchers did a similar study in different cities, asking fifty kids in second grade and then the same kids again in sixth grade and maybe one researcher also asks about carrots, the number of data points continues to increase and your ability to generalize information across a bigger group improves.  Now you've moved up into more of a cohort study.  

This is a very simplistic demonstration, but sometimes simple demonstrates a major point.  Right now with the Coronavirus Pandemic, small studies are being smeared all over the media without sufficient data and with incorrect descriptions.  It's a good time to point out that you need to be cautious about how you interpret what you read.  Notice at the top of the pyramid sits "systematic review." A systematic review takes multiple research papers into account to accumulate more data points to try to make conclusions.  It is based on a researcher compiling data from other researcher's published works.  Each individual study may not have done the same research, but their data overlaps and new conclusions are drawn from having more data points. I DID NOT USE SCIENTIFIC RIGOR in my collection of resources for this blog post and I have minimal experience in data analysis, so I'm certain there are flaws in what I've found by summarizing these four papers.  However, I basically (unintentionally) created a mini systematic review by reading four different papers (including one which was also a systematic review!). 

I collect articles to read in the future. This collection was one reason behind starting a journal club! I've previously written about the anti-library where you collect resources to learn about the things you know you don't know here. Along with my anti-library, I also have folders of papers I've previously read. I had already read Dr. Lindsay DiStefano's Glute EMG paper (the first in the list) which was probably the nail in the coffin for clamshells for me. Imagine assuming that all kids don't like peas because one kid said they didn't?  I've basically assumed that clamshells are a poor quality exercise based on the findings of one paper that studied 21 participants doing 12 exercises.  Dr. DiStefano was my research advisor in PT School so I almost always read her publications, or have them saved for the future. (Bias Alert!)  So I need more data points! I searched for more recent Glute EMG papers to compare to hers and found three more, intentionally choosing papers that included the clam shell exercise and ultimately including one with a somewhat contrary view.  Now the data I'm considering reflects over 500 participants and many more exercises including multiple variations of the clamshell.

EMG studies are used to understand muscle activity during movement.  Not only are these papers valuable, but they can also influence patient care by helping to better understand what exercises target which muscles.  I've previously hinted at reading EMG studies with regard to the shoulder here, and for sure that knowledge changed my PT practice for post-op shoulder patients. EMG studies aren't perfect, but by looking at a collection of them, you can assume similar risk of error for each study.  Participants in these papers were first assessed for their maximal volitional isometric contraction (MVIC) (aka how strong they were for a specific muscle).  Then, by placing sticky electrode sensors on the skin at certain locations, measurements of muscle activity were taken with each exercises and compared to the maximal strength possible for that person. For an exercise to improve strength, the exercise must elicit at least 40-60 % of maximal strength (MVIC) for gains to occur.  

Here's what the papers found:
DiStefano et al: The top exercises for glute medius based on % MVIC were side-lying hip abduction (81%), single limb squat (64%), lateral band walk (61%) and for the glute maximus were single limb squat (59 %) and single limb deadlift (59%). Clamshell exercises (depending on hip flexion position) were shown to have glute medius activation of: 38-40% MVIC and glute maximus activation of 34-39% MVIC.  (Clamshells don't pass the 40% minimum cut point which has been my rationale to discontinue using them in the clinic). Other exercises were examined in the study, but since they did not cross the 40% MVIC threshold, they are omitted here.

The Boren study used a cut-point of 70% MVIC as the minimum acceptable for strengthening and examined a larger variety of exercises. Glute med exercises with >70% (MVIC) were the side plank with hip abduction (103.11% bottom leg, 88.82% top leg), single leg squat (82.86%), clamshell variation #4 hold top leg in full hip extension while internally rotating (76.88%), and prone plank with hip extension (75.13%).  For the gluteus maximus, plank with hip extension (106.22%), glute squeeze (80.72%), side plank with hip abduction top leg (72.87%), bottom leg (70.96%) single leg squat (70.31%).  This paper suggested that the best exercises to target both glute med and glute max were the prone plank with hip extension, side-planks with hip abduction, and single limb squats.

The clamshell exercise had four variations in the Boren paper. Of these variations, #4 described above was the only option to reach their defined threshold of >70%.  If you use the criteria of 40-60% outlined in the DiStefano paper, all the clamshell variations would meet that target as sufficient for strenghtening for the glute med, but only the standard clamshell works for the glute max at 53.10% with other variations all below 30% MVIC.

The Systematic Review by Macadam et al reviews multiple papers and breaks down exercises by body position.  The cross-over step up and lateral step up had the highest average glute max and glute med % MVIC.  Pelvic drop, sidestepping with hip internally rotated and band at the ankle, standing hip abduction variations, rotational single leg squat and transverse lunges all had glute med % MVIC over 40%.  Standing hip abduction, rotational single leg squats and transverse lunges also had % MVIC over 40% for glute max. 

In sidelying, side planks with hip abduction had the highest average glute max and glute med % MVIC. (That exercise is really hard, though, and wouldn't actually be appropriate for the majority of my patients.)  The paper examined 13 clamshell variations including the standard hip external rotation and others.  In one study, three clam variations (not the standard hip external rotation) had average glute med % MVIC over 60% but other studies had clamshell averages in the 30% range.  From this paper, I can start to ease up on my thoughts that patients do the clamshell incorrectly - and more that they're just creating their own variation.

And finally, Bishop et al compared glute med and glute max EMG to tensor fascia latae (TFL) EMG creating a "Glute to TFL Index."  The TFL and gluteus maximus both insert on to the iliotibial band and contribute to hip abduction.  The TFL is sometimes considered to be a contributor to low back and lower extremity pains and/or injuries and may increase in tone or "tightness" to compensate for gluteal deficits.  Bishops "Glute to TFL Index" findings were that the clamshell with resistance was 99.54 and the clamshell without resistance was 87.89 meaning that the gluteal muscles were selectively used for these exercises much more than the TFL.  The clamshell exercises far surpassed all the other tested exercises in this study with the next best exercise being the bridge with resistance at 48.86 and prone hip extension with 48.57, both about half of the clamshell values.  Thus, this paper recommends use of the clamshell exercise as a glute-targeting exercise that does not incorporate the TFL.  To these findings, I'll add another dose of bias. Does this really matter?  Does the Glute to TFL Index have clinical meaning?  I'm not sure because I don't know if I really want to "turn off" the TFL. I'll let the clams have this one. 

Free photo 5470017 © Pavel Losevsky - Dreamstime.com

In the end, I haven't been convinced.  A healthy dose of confirmation bias potentially sprinkled with some self-serving bias may contribute to that decision, but to me, the evidence seems clear. Maybe I'll be nicer to those who know that the clamshell has the higher glute to TFL index, but without that rationale, these papers suggest many other glute strengthening exercises.  For sure, I'm open to hearing alternative opinions. Are you team clamshell?  Or team ANYTHING ELSE!  I use prone glute squeezes more often than I use clamshells.  And I'm incredibly grateful for my coworkers who challenge me to think about these topics. 

(Again - this is an abbreviated summary of the results sections of the papers.  More information looking at the discussions and limitations and other aspects of the research is available if you'd like more!  For the full written summary for Seattle Children's Journal Club, go ahead and email abby.gordon@seattlechildrens.org and I can send it any time). 

New WNBA Injury Data Published!

Alert! Hot off the Presses! Physical Therapists working in Sports... Athletic Trainers... Strength and Conditioning Coaches... High School Basketball Coaches... Female Athlete Parents... Orthopedic Surgeons... WNBA Colleagues... Basketball Fans... Any one else who is interested in learning something today... Check this one out.

Presenting at Seattle Children's Sports Symposium

A new paper was published (April 16, 2020) in Arthroscopy, Sports Medicine, and Rehabilitation entitled "Injury in the WNBA from 2015-2019."  You can find the paper here. I jumped for joy to see this new release when it was in my inbox this morning.  Gotta love alerts that know what I'm interested in.  In case you don't know, women's basketball player injuries was the topic of my PT School Thesis paper, "College and Professional Women's Basketball Players' Lower Extremity Injuries: A Survey of Career Incidence" which you can read here.  In November 2019, I
had the opportunity to present on this topic to the Sports Medicine Department at Seattle Children's Hospital, updating my findings and making it more applicable to our department's work in pediatric sports medicine.  This topic is on my mind constantly, and since WNBA Physicals were supposed to be this week, now postponed until the coronavirus battle is under control, I'm thrilled to have basketball on my mind.  A new publication five years after my own with some similar findings from an entirely different approach was both gratifying and validating and this paper could not have come at a better time.

The new paper, written by Orthopedic Surgeons at the University of Chicago summarized injuries in the WNBA between 2015 and 2019 which were compiled from publicly accessible websites.  Interestingly, the findings were similar to my research with regard to ankle sprains being the most common injury and both papers explore ACL Injuries.  My study only looked at lower body injuries so it did not examine concussions, but this recent paper did and I've previously written about the WNBA Concussion Protocol here.

Here's why this paper is important, in my opinion.

PubMed is a search engine for research papers, kind of like Google, only your search will bring scientific information. A PubMed Search conducted today, April 20th, for "WNBA AND Basketball" will give you EIGHT results.  In comparison, A PubMed Search for "NBA AND Basketball" will give you 120.  This new paper doesn't appear in that search.  Neither does mine.  I'm not sure what you need to do for PubMed to determine you're worthy, but it's apparent that the topic isn't a common one found in this search engine.  PubMed is where I go first when I want to find research on a specific topic that impacts my patients. 

So how about a different search engine like Google Scholar.  There "WNBA and Basketball" has 5,120 (94 results since 2020), including this new paper and my own, and "NBA and Basketball has 55,000 (1140 since 2020).  Obviously I did not screen every title to see if they actually refer to basketball and the NBA which is why I wrote the search this way, but it's SO EASY to see the discrepancy.  In my opinion, a new publication looking at the WNBA is a HUGE win for the WNBA. 

The papers that are found on the Google Scholar search are on all sorts of topics.  There are publications about injuries, like the ones I'm talking about and, as a physical therapist, which I find most interesting.  But there are papers about basketball, about female athletes, about gender differences from various perspectives including pay and spectator attitudes, differences between draft selection and playing times, sexuality, fan experiences, race, television time, and the list goes on. 

The battle to improve opportunities for women in sports continues.  The battle for pay equity, though improved with the new WNBA Players Association negotiations for their collective bargaining agreement, continues.  The battle for sports media to increase awareness of women's competitions and to increase support of elite female athletes continues.  And this week, the battle for increased awareness of injury data - which ultimately can help contribute to injury prevention strategies, continues, but with a step forward.  I tip my hat to you, University of Chicago Orthopedics. 

Life in the Time of Quarantine

Hi Everyone -

Hope you're all hanging in there, enjoying being at home as much as you can, staying safe, washing your hands and faces.  Is your mental health ok?  Have you gotten any fresh air?  I know that might be hard for some people.  It has been over a month since my last blog post, but that was certainly not for lack of trying.  I've started to write several times in the past few weeks but the Coronavirus Pandemic has actually left me speechless. (Shocking, I know.)  I can't go to my usual coffee shop where I like to write and life has been turned upside-down, just like I'm sure it has been for anyone reading this.  I'm not a scientist and won't pretend to know anything about the virus itself.  I've never been more aware of how much I touch my own face - and even still I probably don't notice it more than half of the time. I'm not on the front lines fighting this, so don't let the masked image later in this post fool you.  I'm spending most of my time in isolation at home when I'm not in the clinic with occasional stops at the grocery store as needed.  Writing a blog post hasn't been on my priority list because I couldn't decide what to write about in the shadow of a global pandemic. As a writer friend recently told me, sometimes you just need to sit and write, let it flow, and see what happens.

Writing is an outlet for me.  I use it to help organize my thoughts and relieve stresses.  It offers an opportunity to be creative, use different areas of my brain, share ideas, highlight things I'm learning, and to show support for causes that matter to me.  At a time when I'm also not seeing my usual collection of mental health providers and also not going to the gym, the sudden and total removal of so many outlets has been a big deal. It helps to know that everyone else is in the same boat.  Nobody else is going to the gym.  We're all working out in our laundry rooms with whatever we have at home or going for walks in the neighborhood.  I've heard of people doing lots of different crafts, trying out meditation apps, yoga in the home, new types of exercise, and some people are buying pets in order to find novel coping methods. You're not alone...we're in this together!

So I'm writing today.  Without having any planned direction or goals.  I've seen a post going around on Facebook that people want to remember what was happening because this is going to be a historical event.  My parents remember when JFK was assassinated and my friends and I all remember where we were on 9-11.  This will be another memorable event for so many people... and nobody will forget where they were because we've all been on our couches for three weeks already!  So this is not my usual blog-writing approach. Welcome to my stream of consciousness.  My apologies for being scatterbrained.

At the beginning, I thought this was challenging because I felt trapped with nowhere to go.  My family is far away.  I was still seeing patients early on and didn't want to risk getting anyone sick. The first week I saw friends who had already started working from home, but then it seemed wrong for me to be around them.  Once I got into a rhythm, particularly with regular afternoon FaceTime gatherings, things started to improve.  The hardest moments have been worrying about my friends who work on the front lines, concerns about my parents and not being able to help them, and realizing that the Final Four was not going to occur.  This weekend should have been the Women's Basketball National Championship - often referred to as my favorite holiday.  Several of my friends here in Seattle have been connived into outings at random bars around the city to watch games with me.  I'm more than happy to treat my friends to some nachos if it means company to watch the Huskies. The NCAA College Basketball Season was so suddenly aborted after the best year of competition EVER. I don't think it quite hit me until all the replays from previous championships started popping up on social media and I realized how much sports can bring people together, how many years of my life I've spent watching basketball games, and how serious this pandemic really is.  You'd think being told to wear goggles, masks, and gloves to treat my few remaining patients would have been sufficient. If you've never worn them - those things are hot, sticky, and make your glasses fog up! 

So now that I've rambled on, I guess I should find some sort of purpose for taking your time.  All I can come up with is gratitude. On Wednesday, March 18th, I went into my clinic to call my patients and cancel their scheduled appointments. That was sad, but a few days later, I started to really miss what I do. I have fortunately had a few days in the office to treat high priority patients and each time I've seen a patient, I've felt life being restored to my body, air returning back to my lungs, energy surging, and the return of my dimply smile.  Endless gratitude reflecting on how my career has unfolded to this point where I have the world's best coworkers all collectively waiting to restore our previous routines.

I'm grateful for the small businesses in my local community who have been able to transition their usual operations to help support everyone at this time.  I've enjoyed some really good take-out meals in the past 18 days at home and highly recommend supporting your small local businesses that are trying to survive.  I'm grateful for all the people on the front lines - healthcare workers, front desk workers, environmental services cleaning crews, demand flow services, and leadership - in my office and throughout the country and the world who are taking care of so many sick people.  I'm grateful for books, the fact that I had too many out from the library when this all started that I'm slowly working my way through, and also audiobook downloads available from the library, and Netflix and Amazon having rentals to watch movies.

I'm grateful for all the different electronic user interfaces that have made it possible for me to have face-to-face conversations with so many people.  Between FaceTime, Facebook Messenger, Skype, WebEx, Zoom, Google Hangouts, and HouseParty - it really isn't hard to connect, but those virtual gatherings don't quite feel the same. There were a few days last week where I bounced from call to call catching up with old friends, seeing how family members are doing, and trying to find that missing sense of connection.  Today my extended family gathered on Zoom in preparation for Passover to begin on Wednesday.  Check that out! People in 20 different homes in at least 10 different states ranging between Washington, Connecticut, Florida, Ohio, Oklahoma, California, and Washington, D.C.

I'm worried for my friends who are working to save lives.  They have families and kids of their own and are at extremely high risk. I wish I could do more to help them, to help sick people, I guess just to help anybody. The most any of us can really do right now is to stay at home and prevent further spread of the virus. I'm very hopeful that when this all ends, there will be improvements made to how we operate as a country and as a healthcare system.  Let's hope this wraps up in time for everyone to enjoy summer.  Let's hope this doesn't destroy families financially, or in any other ways.  Let's hope we can resume travel soon.  Let's hope everyone stays healthy and safe.  And let's hope we can have a massive celebration together on the other side. Let me know if there's anything I can do to help you out.  We're all in this together.

What Do Physical Therapists Do? Installment #7: We Collaborate

Today is my three-year workiversary at Seattle Children's Hospital.  To celebrate, this blog post will be the newest edition on my "What Do Physical Therapists Do?" series where I'll share a recent experience collaborating with a non-PT colleague. I've previously written six other posts regarding things that PTs do: those can be found here. I think there are many careers or jobs which encourage collaboration, but the variety of people I work with is so vast, that its worthy to give this some consideration.

One of my favorite parts of working at the Seattle Children's North Clinic is the way the rehab work space is organized.  I share my work area (documentation space and the gym) with my colleague sports physical therapists as well as rehab physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech language pathologists, and rehab aides. My desk faces the rehab PTs desks.  They treat an entirely different patient population than I do.  I'm so grateful that there are PTs who do what they do, because despite what my license says, that work is not what I was meant for. They're amazing clinicians.  It's no secret in my office that I struggle to work with shy kids.  I fill awkward silences with awkward conversations.  The rehab therapists can spend an hour working with children who do not communicate at all.  It's amazing. They make rehab into games, balancing on one foot while playing connect for or pretending to be dinosaurs or avoiding lava while they're walking across balance beams or completing obstacle courses. They use the same equipment I do and I absolutely steal their ideas to use with my patients.  My fellow Sports PTs also come up with creative approaches towards rehab.  We don't have a sled in the clinic which is a tool you can use to load up some weights for patients to push or pull to build up some leg and core strength and endurance.  One of my coworkers has become the sled of the office - kids drag him while he holds onto a jump rope with his feet on sliders.  I'm too scared to attempt that one, but for sure I steal from my colleague Sports PTs in numerous ways. Call it collaboration or call it learning or call it stealing ... whatever word you prefer, being around this group of providers helps us all learn.

An OT, PT, and SLP collaborating at the North Clinic

I recently worked with a patient who had pain related to prior surgeries on their face and mouth. I have previously worked with patients with jaw pain and cervicogenic headaches and concussions, so this body region isn't too unfamiliar to me, however her condition was unique and I wanted to give tongue exercises as part of her home exercise program. I needed help, so I went straight to the speech pathologist who sits three desks away to get recommendations for my treatment plan.  She was super helpful in considering my thought process for a patient who didn't fit into her usual case load either.  There were no language issues involved. But her knowledge of the way the face and mouth work combined with my understanding of strengthening principles and chronic pain were a perfect combination to help this patient.

Beyond my coworkers, I also work with a huge variety of healthcare providers and non-medical personnel.  This includes community pediatricians, orthopedic physicians and surgeons, athletic trainers, rheumatologists, mental health providers, podiatrists, biofeedback technicians, anesthesiologists, neurologists, interpreters, adolescent medicine, social workers, supply chain workers, family service coordinators, the billing department, nurses, medical assistants, our information technology representatives (without which I'm sure I would have somehow made a computer blow up by now) and occasionally oncologists, endocrinologists, and cardiologists. Of course let's not forget the most important people we collaborate with: the patients and their families!  I have previously written about how important I think therapeutic alliance is several times such as here, but this is just another excuse to mention how much I love connecting with patients and people in general. The rehab PTs work with a different set of providers than I do, adding in durable medical equipment contractors, prosthetists, school and community resources, and certainly many more that I'm not even aware of.  It's really cool to have this large of a network to interact with, particularly because the human body is so complex.

And so, in celebration of my workiversary, I'm really excited to share another edition of "What Do Physical Therapists Do?"  Without question, this field encourages collaboration.  My experiences are certainly unique, but this is just one of many ways to say that communication skills are essential in healthcare. It is also an extra opportunity for me to give thanks for all the people I work with, including my patients and their families.  For sure I am a better physical therapist because of all of you.

Book Alert: Graded Motor Imagery Handbook

How is it already mid-February?  I swear each year flies by faster and faster... and yes, I realize that's a cliche thing to say.  I did some really fun volunteering earlier this month that took up my usual blogging hours, so I'm long overdue for a post today.  I'll be writing about those experiences soon, but today I've got a Book Alert on the Graded Motor Imagery Handbook, by Lorimer Moseley, David Butler, and their crew with the NOI Group.   The NOI Group is the Neuro Orthopedic Institute of Australasia that teaches a variety of topics related to neuroscience and pain.  I've previously written about their books Explain Pain and Explain Pain Supercharged as well as my experience meeting Lorimer Moseley here. You might call me a NOI Group Superfan at this point since I think I've read all their books, but not their research articles because there are hundreds of those.  Working on it.  This topic was fueled by my work with the Seattle Children's Hospital Pain Management Team, and every time I read one thing, I identify tons more to learn about.  Definitely falling down the chronic pain rabbit hole over here.

The Graded Motor Imagery (GMI) Handbook was on my list of six books I wanted to read in 2020 which I'm tracking on the right side of the blog for the year.  One down, five more to go!  Now that I've read it, I've already started incorporating the concepts into practice, and if you're a physical therapist, I highly recommend you read this, particularly if you treat patients experiencing chronic pain or CRPS, but also this probably should be considered with more of our patients. This topic, as are all the topics that come from the NOI Group, is complicated, so I'm trying to share my understanding of what I read.

I've chosen one example to use to demonstrate the concepts of GMI throughout this post.  GMI can be applied to injuries anywhere in the body, though.  I've used it more in extremities than in the spine, but I also don't treat many patients with chronic neck or back pain in the clinic.  Let's say you sprained your left ankle playing soccer yesterday.  It hurts.  You've just injured it!  It is reasonable to have pain right now and the amount of pain seems appropriate based on the mechanism you experienced. Tissues may have some damage - maybe your anterior talofibular ligament has a few fibers that were damaged.  This is the most commonly injured ligament in an ankle sprain and you've probably already hurt it before if you're playing soccer.  Maybe you see some bruising, swelling, and are having a little difficulty walking.  The XRAY says you didn't break anything.  The doctor at urgent care puts you in a boot and tells you that you can do as much activity as you can tolerate and that you can wean out of the boot in a week or two. 

In this acute phase of a recent injury, your brain is processing many inputs from your injured ankle and it does so in the "typical" way.  The brain processes the sensory inputs from the ground and the boot and produces your pain experience.  Maybe you don't have much pain because the injury has occurred and ended, no additional threat is perceived, and you know that you've had this experience before and that things will recover quickly.  You think you'll be ready for the soccer tournament next month without any issues.  This is when you think, "phew, it's not broken and it's not really even hurting that much.  I'll just wear this boot and be back to normal soon."  You probably won't even see a physical therapist, though I've previously written here why you should, even if it's just a minor ankle sprain. 

But what happens if, for a variety of possible reason(s), the pain doesn't go away, or maybe even worsens. Your simple ankle sprain from playing soccer persists longer than you think it should.  You find yourself unable to wean out of the boot after several weeks of wearing it and you've gone back to the doctor who does an MRI that says there's some mild damage but your pain level has remained higher than it should be.  You've finally gone to your physical therapist and they have been able to get you walking a bit more, but you still can't really tolerate activities and pain is worse than what you expect.  Maybe swelling persists and you're still having trouble walking a few weeks later. Sometimes you could even experience a cold, sweaty, purple foot with weird growth of your leg hair or toenails on that side.  You've stopped playing soccer and are spending less time out with your friends because that's where you would typically see them.  Maybe you've declined invitations to hike and are even losing sleep sometimes because your ankle hurts.  Your job is being affected because your work requires you to stand for extended periods of time and you can't tolerate that because your ankle still hurts.  All of this from a little ankle sprain that isn't healing the usual way.

The research in the GMI Handbook (of which there is A LOT) explains that people who experience chronic periods of pain sometimes lose their ability to differentiate between their right side and their left side.  The brain is affected by your ankle injury.  In some patients, you might even start feeling pain on the other ankle.  If you're thinking what I was thinking when I first read about this, you might be thinking "No way!?!?!?! How?!?!"  That's how I felt, at least.  

Now that I've started using GMI assessments and treatment tools in the clinic, I can actually see that patients have difficulty doing this. I wouldn't have believed it if I hadn't seen it for my own eyes.  Ive worked with patients, particularly with foot/ankle injuries, who haven't put their foot on the ground in months.  MONTHS!  They're spending time on crutches or even worse - in wheelchairs.  They exhibit fear towards walking, standing, or even having their feet touched.  The brain is processing input signals - maybe even caused by being in a boot - for far too long and starts to understand the input signals differently.  Not only does your brain start to confuse things, but it also starts to react to stimuli in new ways.  Things that wouldn't typically hurt most people, like the feeling of your sock on your ankle, now hurt. This is called allodynia: a central pain sensitization in which neurons exhibit increased response to normally non-painful stimuli.  Basically - you experience pain to a stimulus which typically would not be painful.  I see allodynia frequently in the clinic and have actually experienced it for myself.  About eight years ago, I badly cut my finger on one of those apple corer things while helping my sister cook Rosh Hashanah dinner for our family.  Sometimes even now if I touch that old cut, I might feel a sharp pain and pull my hand away, but usually I don't even notice it.  Patients who have had chronic pain sometimes cannot tolerate me touching their foot with my hands or even a towel because it feels too painful. They pull away or shout or cry or sometimes even kick me (unintentionally, I'm sure), and they recognize that their response to what I'm doing doesn't make sense.

Graded Motor Imagery is a tool to try to restore the brain's proper understanding of left versus right while exercising the brain.  The book outlines a series of steps starting with understanding left versus right, followed by imagined movements where the patient concentrates on their injured ankle while mentally picturing themself doing activities like walking, followed by the use of mirror therapy to almost trick the brain into thinking that their injured limb is moving without pain while you're moving your non-injured limb while looking into a mirror.  

From the Recognise App

When I see a patient experiencing chronic pain of their ankle, I'm using an app created by the NOI Group called "Recognise Foot" (yes, spelled that way, because they're Australian and they don't like the letter Z).  The app shows you pictures of a foot and you have to identify if it is a left or a right one.  (They have apps for several different body parts).  You can change the settings to start with fairly simple images like this one --> with a black background in typical positions to more complex images with varied backgrounds that are covered in paint or wearing a cast or flipped upside-down and it's basically like playing a game to see how fast you can identify the side of the body and how accurate you are.  I've tested out the app for the hand (Recognise) and the app for the foot (Recognise Foot), each of which are $5.99 at the App Store.

A normal result would be at least 90% accuracy and symmetry between sides as well as response time of less than .2 seconds.  The app will tell you your scores and you can use it to assess the patient's ability to discriminate between left and right as well as treat them using the app. I've been adding this as a home exercise program component to patients who have been experiencing chronic pain and having them "play the game" several times per day in addition to doing some activities to try to get them moving towards less pain. 

A word of caution: the GMI Handbook does say that some people will experience pain just from using the app. This is not something I have experienced yet, but if it does occur, there are ways to change the settings on the app so the patient has more time to respond or less images. Also you can actually regress from this to watching other people move, focusing on the other person's body.  For example if your ankle pain was increased just by using the app, you could go to the mall and watch people walking and focus on their ankle instead.  There's science to support this regression and the book talks discovering this using monkeys who would watch people eat and some of their own brain cells that would be activated if they were eating would "light up" as if they were doing the activity themself. It's a less intense way for your brain to process information, watching someone else do an activity, because of the ways the sensory and motor cortexes of the brain are uniquely used with watching versus participating in activity.

Ultimately, GMI is a science that is still developing.  There is research to support some of the claims, but not all of them and the NOI group points out where there are holes in the evidence.  There is evidence to support using this treatment in specific patients, such as those with CRPS, and less evidence for others.  Some of my colleagues are using this treatment more frequently and with patients in more acute pain states.  Some colleagues don't use it because they don't know anything about it - like myself only a few months ago. The app is actually pretty fun and if you don't have pain doing it, who wouldn't benefit from some brain training?  I'm tempted to see if the basketball players I work with have any change in their reaction time by using this sort of brain training to try to use if for performance enhancement, but again, I have no evidence to support that thought and can't usually use them as guinea pigs.  I'm curious to know who else is using GMI in their clinical practice, how often, for what conditions, and what others have found with using it.  And I highly recommend that PTs read this book to learn about where we are on this type of patient care right now and to see if it might help some of your patients.  

Resilience

Resilience.  Major Buzzword.  Everyone seems to be talking about it.  "The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness."  Particularly in the wake of the recent helicopter crash that ended the life of Kobe and Gianna Bryant and reflecting on Kobe's basketball career.  Resilience is a psychological principle.  Can you cope?  Can you face the struggles in your daily life?  Can you manage conflict and overcome tragedy or trauma?  

You can see it when you look around you, to some degree.  A friend just summitted Mount Kilimanjaro.  Just got on a plane in the US, headed to Tanzania, Africa, and then climbed to the 19,308 foot high summit.  I'd say that takes resilience.   I work with patients every day who are overcoming injuries, surgeries, physical pain, chronic conditions, family struggles... and more.  I see resilience in front of me all the time.

This year, Seattle Children's hosted a leadership conference where Dr. Bertice Berry was the keynote speaker who spoke about Resilience.  She later presented to a remote Seattle Children's staff about Resiliency Connections.  So in the past month I've listened to Dr. Berry speak about resilience twice, and it seemed like a fitting topic this week.

When asked what Dr. Berry would choose as her dream job, she said she wanted the title of "Chief Inspirational Officer."  That sounds like a giant undertaking. The responsibility to inspire staff to improve their life on a day to day basis is not something Dr. Berry takes lightly.  I have the challenge of motivating and/or inspiring (definitely not the same, though sometimes both are needed) patients every day and this is hard!

Here are some things I took from Dr. Berry's presentation.  

First, identify your own purpose and identify your daily intentions.  This could be in your personal ife or in your professional world.  Consider "Why me, here, now?" Why am I here, helping this particular person with their physical therapy today?  How can I make this the best experience for both the patient and for myself so that they have the optimal outcome.  Why is it important to me that I do this?  How can I make a difference in my coworkers' lives, in my patients' lives, and in my own life? 

Second, have I given enough of myself today?  There were many memorable quotes from Dr. Berry's presentations, but one in particular was "you feel poor when you're not able to give."  And I agree.  I struggle the most when I'm facing a patient I can't help. I get frustrated with patients who have conditions that don't have a positive outcome.  I know that I can't help everyone.  I am constantly grateful that I am able to help anyone.  My usual intention is to help my patients learn to help themselves.  I don't like the idea of fixing people or that they need fixing.  Patients, even those with injuries, diseases, or conditions, are still humans and they are not broken.  They are filled with life, experience, and resilience.  Sometimes they may need a little guidance in harnessing their inner drives and motivations.  

Dr. Bertice Berry on remote feed at Seattle Children's

And third, the need for human connection. Dr. Berry said, “You can’t be well without connecting.  You can’t help others be well if you’re not well yourself.”  As a healthcare provider, the amount of time you spend giving of yourself is a lot.  You need to find ways to take a little bit too, to refill your cup or recharge your batteries - whichever metaphor you prefer.  There is a reason why people gather into communities, why the family unit has so much value for many cultures, why prayer is regularly participated in collectively.  A meal can be eaten alone, but is it ever as good as it is with good company? Prayer can be done individually, but doing so in a community elevate the spirit differently. Is singing alone in the shower the same as singing in your car with your best friends?  I find, particularly when I'm working with patients experiencing chronic pain, that they have started to isolate themselves.  They've stopped hanging out with friends, sometimes have stopped going to school, they withdraw from their family members, and they sometimes even say out loud that they don't like people.  It's far easier to suffer alone than to hear others living their lives despite your suffering.  But re-integrating into a community, finding people with shared interests and beliefs, and increasing interaction helps drag people out of that loneliness and into the light. 

As a physical therapist who values therapeutic alliance first and foremost, before my patient care really gets underway, I prioritize connection.  If my patient is not interacting with very many people, my role as their PT may be even bigger than guiding them in exercise.  Showing interest in their life, who they are as a person beyond their pain circumstances, and simply listening may have a much bigger impact on them.  Dr. Berry emphatically encouraged healthcare providers to connect with their patients.  Find the common ground.  Don't confuse your own vulnerability with authenticity.  "Nothing sucks the energy out of you more than being someone other than who you truly are."  Share your experiences to help them find their paths. 

Whether you're mourning the loss of Kobe and Gianna Bryant or someone in your personal life, or you're facing an obstacle or tragedy that has got you down, know that you have resilience inside of you. Know that you're not alone, you just might need to look around to see who else is on your team.  But look and you will find support in the most interesting places.  Maybe it's your dog or your stuffed animal or your online blog that is primarily just read by your mom, like mine.  Know that I'm rooting for you. Hopefully you can look around and find that you have enough inspirational and motivational people around you to move in the right direction.  

Thank you, Dr. Berry.  

“When you walk with purpose, you collide with destiny.”